What is the primary difference between a nuclear weapon detonation and a conventional explosion?

The primary difference between a nuclear weapon detonation and a conventional explosion lies in the process of fission. In a nuclear detonation, the release of energy occurs through a nuclear reaction that involves splitting the nucleus of an atom—specifically, uranium or plutonium—in a process called fission. This reaction unleashes a colossal amount of energy, significantly exceeding what is released in conventional explosives.

Fission is fundamental to nuclear weapons, resulting not only in an immense explosive yield but also in a variety of byproducts such as radiation and fallout, which are not present in conventional explosives. Understanding fission helps responders comprehend the complexities and implications of a nuclear detonation compared to typical explosive events, which rely on chemical reactions that do not produce nuclear fission. Thus, recognizing fission as the defining characteristic of nuclear weapons is crucial for emergency responders in both preparedness and response scenarios.